Abstract
Objective
To compare cold pack/skin interface temperature during a 20-minute ice application with various levels of compression.
Design
Repeated measures.
Setting
Laboratory setting in an educational institution.
Participants
Forty healthy females aged between 20 and 23 years.
Interventions
An ice pack was applied to the right thigh with compression using an elastic bandage. Five different levels of compression were used: 0 (no compression), 14, 24, 34 and 44mmHg.
Main outcome measure
Cold pack/skin interface temperature was monitored every minute during the 20-minute ice application.
Results
Ice application with compression led to significantly lower cold pack/skin interface temperatures than ice application without compression during the 20-minute application (with compression: mean 6.1°C, 95% confidence interval 5.9–6.3°C; without compression: mean 8.1°C, 95% confidence interval 7.7–8.5°C) (P<0.05). The level of compression did not significantly affect the magnitude of the cooling temperature (14mmHg: mean 6.4°C, 95% confidence interval 6.0–6.8°C; 24mmHg and 34mmHg: mean 6.1°C, 95% confidence interval 5.7–6.5°C; 44mmHg: mean 5.9°C, 95% confidence interval 5.5–6.3°C) (P>0.05). The minimum temperature reached with ice application with compression of 0, 14, 24, 34 and 44mmHg was achieved after 9, 7, 6, 6 and 5minutes of application, respectively (0mmHg: mean 5.0°C, 95% confidence interval 4.9–5.1°C; 14mmHg: mean 4.2°C, 95% confidence interval 4.1–4.3°C; 24mmHg: mean 4.0°C, 95% confidence interval 3.9–4.1°C; 34mmHg: mean 3.9°C, 95% confidence interval 3.7–4.0°C; 44mmHg: mean 3.7°C, 95% confidence interval 3.6–3.9°C) (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Ice application with adjunctive compression leads to a greater magnitude and rate of cooling compared with ice application without compression. The higher the level of compression, the shorter the time to the minimum recorded temperature. Further research is required to demonstrate the effect of various levels of compression applied over an ice pack in a clinical population.
Citation
Cold pack/skin interface temperature during ice treatment with various levels of compression
Prawit Janwantanakul
Physiotherapy - December 2006 (Vol. 92, Issue 4, Pages 254-259, DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2006.05.006)